近日,科學家開發出一種針對糖尿病患者的新型
傳感器,這種新型
傳感器可以利用唾液而不是血液,來檢測血糖水平。
Brown大學科學家們創造了新的
傳感器,成功地使用人工唾液測試其測量糖濃度的功效。新的
傳感器由光源、金屬以及一個當暴露于血糖,會改變顏色的特殊酶組成。
眾所周知,糖尿病患者需要通過刺破手指采血來檢查血糖,并且每天需要重復多次。因此,研究人員正在尋找另一種測試血糖的可能性,結果發現唾液是可以用于測量血糖的另一種體液。
但是該
傳感器目前無法得到廣泛使用,因為美國FDA批準過程將需要很長的時間,我們必須確認這個裝置如何可以準確用于檢測人類血糖,尤其對于那些大吃大喝的患者,因為這些患者唾液中含有大量物質,這很可能會污染測試樣品,影響測試結果。
研究結果發表在Nanophotonics雜志上。新型
傳感器采用一種光源和金屬表面,其中金屬表面能干擾光擊中(接觸)樣品的方向,光“讀取”特異性酶如何對唾液存在的糖作出反應,以測量樣品中糖的濃度。
研究人員利用人工唾液測試了該
傳感器,看看它如何工作(人工唾液沒有實際唾液中的潛在混合物,例如口腔中食品或飲料會改變測試結果)。結果發現該
傳感器能夠檢測血糖水平,并且精確度很好。
Palmore說,下一步是使該設備便于攜帶,還需要利用真正的唾液測試
傳感器,同時找到便宜的光源。此外在測試唾液樣品前,還需要某種沖洗劑洗漱測試者的口腔。比如漱口劑就可以去除口腔殘留食物或其他可能影響血糖讀數的污染物。
詳細英文報道:
A new type of sensor for people with diabetes is being developed to measure
sugar levels in the body using saliva instead of blood, researchers report.
Scientists at Brown University in Providence, R.I., created the sensor and
successfully tested it using artificial saliva. It uses light, metal and a special
enzyme that changes color when exposed to blood sugar.
"Everybody knows that diabetics have to prick their fingers to draw blood to
check their blood sugar and then respond to that information. And they have to
do that multiple times a day," said study co-author Tayhas Palmore, a professor
of engineering, chemistry and medical science at Brown.
"We're looking for another possibility, and realized that saliva is another bodily
fluid that could be measured," Palmore said.
This idea is a welcome one, said Dr. Joel Zonszein, director of the Clinical
Diabetes Center at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. "People are always
trying to come up with new ideas of how to measure blood sugar without pricking
the fingers."
The sensor won't be available anytime soon, however. "The process of [U.S. Food
and Drug Administration] approval will take a long time, and we have to see how
accurate this device is in humans, especially humans who are eating and drinking,
which will possibly contaminate the sample," Zonszein said.
Findings from the study, which received funding from the National Science
Foundation, were published recently in the journal Nanophotonics.
To check their blood sugar—or glucose—levels, people with diabetes—especially
those who need insulin—must prick one of their fingers to draw a drop of blood. The
blood is put on a test strip that goes into a blood sugar meter. They are supposed to
repeat this procedure four times a day, according to the American Diabetes Association.
The results of the blood sugar tests guide treatment, with diabetes patients often
adjusting medication or insulin levels based on the test reading to maintain
acceptable glucose levels.
The Brown researchers realized that saliva also contains glucose, though in much
lower quantities.
The new device uses light and a metal surface that interferes with the way light hits
a sample, Palmore said. The light "reads" how a special enzyme reacts to the
presence of sugar in saliva to measure the concentration of sugar in a sample.
The researchers tested the sensor on artificial saliva to see how well it works
without the potential complications found in real saliva. For example, food or drinks
could alter the results. The sensor was able to detect sugar levels with high accuracy,
they said.
Palmore said the next step is to make the device portable, hopefully small enough to
fit in your hand. They also need to test it on real saliva, and find inexpensive light sources.
Palmore said the researchers are also working on ways to measure insulin levels in the
body.
Some sort of rinse for use before testing a saliva sample is also needed. A mouthwash
could remove food or other contaminants that might affect the glucose reading, according
to Palmore.
"Just because there is an established way of measuring blood sugar, doesn't mean it's
the only way," said Palmore. "This is a priority area of research for many people. There's
some hope that you may not have to prick yourself every couple of hours."
Zonszein added that the idea of searching for alternatives is a good one. "But to apply
that from the lab to human clinical trials is still very far away," he said.
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